Wearable devices and the Internet of Things form a natural combination, seamlessly integrating form factor and functionality. They embed capabilities traditionally found in computers and other bulky handheld devices into compact platforms such as microchips and smartwatches, creating intelligent wearable IoT products.

In general, all wearable devices within an IoT ecosystem are equipped with microcontrollers to ensure efficient and reliable operation. Wearable IoT systems are typically built on a three-layer architecture, which defines how they function:

Schicht 1: Sensing Layer
This layer consists of sensors strategically positioned close to the user’s body. Their role is to monitor motion, temperature variations, pulse rate, and other parameters depending on the device design and application.

Schicht 2: Control and Connectivity Layer
This layer is responsible for device control and communication. The most commonly used technology here is Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), which connects wearable IoT devices to mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets, as well as to home networks.

Schicht 3: Cloud and Data Layer
This layer is composed of cloud-based databases and services that send, receive, store, and process data generated by wearable IoT devices.